COBOL ⭐ Featured
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Q: What is the difference between SECTION and PARAGRAPH in COBOL?

Answer:

SECTION:

  • Contains one or more paragraphs
  • Ends with next SECTION or end of program
  • Used for logical grouping
  • Can be performed as a unit

PARAGRAPH:

  • Basic unit of code
  • Named block of statements
  • Ends at next paragraph name or SECTION

PERFORM SECTION-NAME executes all paragraphs in the section.

PERFORM PARA-NAME executes only that paragraph.

COBOL ⭐ Featured
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Q: Explain SECTION vs PARAGRAPH

Answer:
SECTION groups related paragraphs, terminated by next SECTION or end of program. PARAGRAPH is a named block of code, terminated by next paragraph/section. PERFORM SECTION executes all paragraphs within. SECTION needed for segmentation, PARAGRAPH for simple procedures.
COBOL ⭐ Featured
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Q: What is RECORDING MODE for files?

Answer:
RECORDING MODE specifies record format: F=fixed, V=variable, U=undefined, S=spanned. RECORDING MODE IS V for variable records. Affects how records are blocked and how length is tracked. Must match JCL DCB specifications.
VSAM ⭐ Featured
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Q: What is CI and CA in VSAM?

Answer:
CI (Control Interval) is I/O unit, like block. Contains records, free space, control info. CA (Control Area) is group of CIs. CISIZE affects performance. CI split when full. CA split more expensive.
JCL ⭐ Featured
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Q: Explain SPACE parameter options

Answer:
SPACE=(unit,(primary,secondary,directory)). Unit: TRK/CYL/block-size. Primary allocated first, secondary in 15 increments. Directory only for PDS. RLSE releases unused. CONTIG requires contiguous. Example: SPACE=(CYL,(10,5,20),RLSE)
JCL ⭐ Featured
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Q: Explain DCB parameter

Answer:
DCB defines Data Control Block: RECFM (F/FB/V/VB/U), LRECL (record length), BLKSIZE (block size). DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=27920). Can inherit from existing dataset. LRECL required for new datasets. BLKSIZE=0 lets system optimize.
CICS ⭐ Featured
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Q: What is EIB?

Answer:
EIB (Execute Interface Block) contains execution info. EIBCALEN=COMMAREA length. EIBTRNID=transaction. EIBAID=attention key. EIBDATE/EIBTIME=date/time. EIBRESP/EIBRESP2=response codes. Automatically available in COBOL.
JCL ⭐ Featured
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Q: Explain RECFM options

Answer:
RECFM defines record format. F=fixed, V=variable, U=undefined. B=blocked, A=ASA control, M=machine control, S=spanned. Combinations: FB=fixed blocked, VBS=variable blocked spanned. Match program expectations.
JCL ⭐ Featured
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Q: Explain EROPT parameter?

Answer:
EROPT specifies error handling. DCB=(EROPT=ABE/ACC/SKP). ABE=abend on error, ACC=accept and continue, SKP=skip block. For tape I/O errors. Program may handle differently. Default is ABE.
COBOL
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Q: What is BLOCK CONTAINS clause?

Answer:
BLOCK CONTAINS defines blocking factor. BLOCK CONTAINS 10 RECORDS or BLOCK CONTAINS 800 CHARACTERS. 0 RECORDS means system-determined. Affects I/O performance-larger blocks fewer I/Os. Must match JCL/VSAM definition.
JCL
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Q: How to define PDS?

Answer:
//PDSOUT DD DSN=MY.PDS,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),SPACE=(CYL,(5,1,10)),DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80). Directory blocks (10) required for PDS. Or DSNTYPE=LIBRARY for PDSE. PDSE allows dynamic directory expansion, member-level sharing.
VSAM
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Q: What is BDAM conversion to VSAM?

Answer:
BDAM is block-oriented, VSAM is record-oriented. Convert: analyze BDAM access, choose KSDS/RRDS/ESDS. REPRO or IDCAMS copy. Program changes for VSAM access. Test thoroughly.