💬 Q&A Solutions

1. IDENTIFICATION DIVISION - Program identification (PROGRAM-ID)
2. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION - Hardware/software environment, file assignments
3. DATA DIVISION - Data definitions (FILE, WORKING-STORAGE, LINKAGE SECTION)
4. PROCEDURE DIVISION - Executable code and business logic

Only IDENTIFICATION and PROCEDURE DIVISION are mandatory.

SECTION:

• Contains one or more paragraphs
• Ends with next SECTION or end of program
• Used for logical grouping
• Can be performed as a unit

PARAGRAPH:

• Basic unit of code
• Named block of statements
• Ends at next paragraph name or SECTION

PERFORM SECTION-NAME executes all paragraphs in the section.

PERFORM PARA-NAME executes only that paragraph.

A copybook is a reusable code file that can be included in multiple programs using the COPY statement.

Uses:

• Standard record layouts
• Common working storage definitions
• Reusable paragraphs
• Ensures consistency across programs

Syntax:

COPY EMPREC.
COPY EMPREC REPLACING ==EMP== BY ==WS-EMP==.

Benefits:

• Reduces code duplication
• Easier maintenance
• Standard definitions across team

SQLCODE is a return code in SQLCA indicating the result of SQL execution.

Common SQLCODE values:

Negative = Error, 0 = Success, 100 = No data