Introduction to COBOL

What is COBOL?

COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) is a high-level programming language designed for business applications. It was developed in 1959 and remains one of the most widely used languages in enterprise systems, particularly in banking, insurance, and government sectors.

Why Learn COBOL?

• Job Security: Billions of lines of COBOL code are still running critical business systems
• High Demand: Many experienced COBOL programmers are retiring, creating opportunities
• Lucrative Salaries: COBOL developers often command premium salaries
• Stable Technology: COBOL systems are proven and reliable

COBOL Program Structure

A COBOL program is divided into four main divisions:

1. IDENTIFICATION DIVISION: Contains program name and identification
2. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION: Describes the computing environment
3. DATA DIVISION: Defines all data items used in the program
4. PROCEDURE DIVISION: Contains the executable code

Key Characteristics

• English-like syntax making it readable
• Fixed column format (traditional) or free format (modern)
• Strong data typing and decimal arithmetic
• Excellent file handling capabilities

       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. HELLO-WORLD.

       ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       01 WS-MESSAGE PIC X(30) VALUE "WELCOME TO COBOL!".

       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
           DISPLAY WS-MESSAGE.
           STOP RUN.